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M.D. Thesis, University of London |
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THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CNIDARIAN (JELLYFISH) STINGING |
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Dr. Peter J. Fenner |
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M.D. Thesis, University of London. |
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Index |
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2. Introduction |
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2.1 The start of research into jellyfish stings |
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2.2 The problem of world jellyfish stings |
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2.3 The need for further research |
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2.4 Aims of research |
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3. History of jellyfish envenomation |
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3.1 Biological considerations |
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3.1.1. Class Cubozoa – cubozoan jellyfish |
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3.1.2 Non-cubozoan jellyfish |
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3.2 Medical considerations |
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3.2.1 Australia |
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3.2.2 Indo-Pacific |
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3.3 The present state of knowledge |
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3.3.1 Method of envenomation |
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3.3.2 Factors influencing envenomation |
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3.3.3 Speed of envenomation |
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3.3.4 Assessment of tentacle contact |
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4. Methods |
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4.1 Collection of specimens |
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4.2 Serology investigations |
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4.3 Identification of the specimens |
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4.4 Examination of museum specimens |
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4.5 Experiments with inhibition of nematocysts |
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4.6 Observations of conditions for human jellyfish stings |
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4.7 Clinical observations of envenomed victims |
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4.8 Developing policies for first aid |
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4.9 Personal travel and research |
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4.10 The data base and its sources |
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5. Results |
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5.1 Taxonomy |
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5.1.1 Carybdeid taxonomy |
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5.1.2 Chirodropid taxonomy |
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5.1.3 Physalia morphology |
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5.2 Nematocyst Inhibition |
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5.3.1 Hong Kong 1991 and 1993 |
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5.3.2 Okinawa, Japan |
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5.3.3 Singapore |
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5.3.4 Philippines |
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5.3.5 Indonesia September 1993 |
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5.3.6 Malaysia 1989 |
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5.3.7 Sri Lanka September 1995 |
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5.4 Serology – identification of stings |
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5.5 Jellyfish databases |
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5.5.1 Methods of collection of information to 30 June 1995 |
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5.5.2 Methods of collection of information since 1 July 1995 |
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5.5.3 Data collected from Australia |
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5.6 Australian jellyfish – epidemiology of envenomation |
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5.6.1 Chironex fleckeri |
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5.6.2 Carukia barnesi -the Irukandji |
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5.6.3 Morbakka |
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5.6.4 Carybdea rastoni – the Jimble |
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5.6.5 Carybdea sivickisi |
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5.6.6 Physalia physalis – the Pacific man-o’-war |
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5.6.7 Other Australian jellyfish |
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5.7 Rest of the world jellyfish – epidemiology of envenomation |
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5.7.1 The Eastern Pacific |
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5.7.2 The North Western Pacific – Far-east Asia |
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5.7.3 West Pacific |
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5.7.4 The Bay of Bengal (Eastern Indian Ocean) |
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5.7.5 Western Indian Ocean and The Arabian Sea |
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5.7.6 South East Atlantic |
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5.7.7 South West Atlantic |
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5.7.8 North West Atlantic |
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5.7.9 North east Atlantic |
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5.8 First aid and Medical treatments |
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5.8.1 Educational policy: prevention of jellyfish envenomation |
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5.8.2 Chironex antivenom |
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5.8.3 Current first aid treatments of jellyfish envenomation |
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5.8.4 Current medical treatment of jellyfish envenomation |
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6. Conclusion |
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6.1 Jellyfish distribution and sting occurrence |
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6.2 Taxonomy |
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6.3 Reduction of morbidity and mortality |
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Summary |
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References |
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APPENDIX A |
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Glossary of medical biological terms |
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APPENDIX B |
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International Consortium of Jellyfish Stings – References |
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Burnett JW |
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APPENDIX C |
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Jellyfish specimens caught and examined by the author |
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Appendix D |
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Report forms |
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APPENDIX E |
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Hospital / ambulance reports |
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APPENDIX F |
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World distribution of jellyfish |
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APPENDIX G |
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Lectures/videos – Dr Peter J Fenner |
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